Painful conditions caused and maintained by the vicious circle of pain – muscular tension – bad circulation – pain, can be relieved with precise injections (often near to nerves or ganglions) of a local anaesthetic such as procaine.

There are other specific courses of treatment, e.g. neural-fascial therapy in which normal functions can be restored by injecting scars and other interference fields.

Occasionally, spontaneous relief (flash phenomena) occurs, whereby long-standing pain that has resisted all therapy ceases immediately the local anaesthetic is injected into the painful lesion or area